NBI Files Sedition, Cybercrime Complaints vs. Harry Roque, Vlogger Maharlika Over “Polvoron” Video

The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) has filed criminal complaints against former Presidential Spokesperson Atty. Harry Roque and controversial vlogger Maharlika over an online video allegedly inciting sedition, which authorities say could pose a threat to public order and national stability.

The video, which circulated widely on social media, featured a symbolic reference to a “polvoron,” interpreted by the NBI as a veiled call to violence or rebellion. The bureau said the statements made in the video amount to inciting to sedition, in violation of Article 142 of the Revised Penal Code.

Under Philippine law, inciting to sedition is punishable by imprisonment of up to six years and/or a fine, depending on the severity and effect of the inciting act. If committed via mass media or online platforms, the penalty may be imposed in its maximum period.

In addition to the sedition complaint, vlogger Maharlika is also facing charges for cyberlibel, computer-related forgery, and unlawful utterances, all in violation of the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 (Republic Act No. 10175).

If found guilty of cyberlibel under Section 4(c)(4) of RA 10175, the accused may face a prison sentence of prision mayor, or six to twelve years, which is higher than the penalty for ordinary libel due to the involvement of digital platforms.

Computer-related forgery, under Section 4(b)(1), carries a penalty of imprisonment ranging from six to twelve years, depending on the extent of falsification and intent to defraud.

Legal experts warn that if convicted, the accused may face multiple penalties due to the overlapping nature of the charges.

As of this writing, both Roque and Maharlika have yet to issue official statements. The NBI has also not ruled out the possibility of additional respondents or further charges as the investigation progresses.